![]() In this period, barbarians attacked Rome in 410 CE, and the city finally fell to them completely in 455 CE. This is the period when Saint Jerome first compiled the Bible, Christianity spread across Europe, and the Roman Empire suffered its dying convulsions. Roman rhetoricians include Cicero and Quintilian.Įarly Christian writers include Saint Augustine, Tertullian, Saint Cyprian, Saint Ambrose and Saint Jerome. Roman philosophers include Marcus Aurelius and Lucretius. Roman writers include Ovid, Horace, and Virgil. This later period is known as the Roman Imperial period. After nearly 500 years as a Republic, Rome slid into a dictatorship under Julius Caesar and finally into a monarchial empire under Caesar Augustus in 27 CE. Playwrights of this time include Plautus and Terence. The Roman Republic was traditionally founded in 509 BCE, but it was limited in size until later. Greece's culture gave way to Roman power when Rome conquered Greece in 146 CE. Some of the world's finest art, poetry, drama, architecture, and philosophy originated in Athens. ![]() This was the sophisticated era of the polis, or individual City-State, and early democracy. The fifth century (499-400 BCE) in particular is renowned as The Golden Age of Greece. Greek writers, playwrights, and philosophers include Gorgias, Aesop, Plato, Socrates, Aristotle, Euripides, and Sophocles. This is a chaotic period of warrior-princes, wandering sea-traders, and fierce pirates. Greek legends were passed along orally, including Homer's The Iliad and The Odyssey.
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